然而,站在明处的刽子手并不是最可怕的。对于中华白海豚,和大部分其他野生动物一样,最重要的威胁因素是栖息地丧失。在过去的几十年间,很多白海豚的栖息地都消失在了海岸带开发的浪潮中,一些以前曾经有白海豚出没的海域如今再难见到它们的身影[8]。 在珠江口,因为过去大规模的填海造地,天然海岸线几乎完全消失。如今,伶仃洋东部有香港国际机场第三跑道工程和香港政府的围海造地工程;中部有贯穿珠江口的港珠澳大桥;南部有大规模海上风电场项目;往西到磨刀门,多个围填海项目正磨刀霍霍,预计到 2020 年,填海面积高达 168平方公里[9]。这就像一张大口,在悄无声息地蚕食着中华白海豚的栖息地。2017年发表的一项研究显示,要维持这一种群的可持续生存,至少需要3000平方公里的栖息地[10],而如今,珠江口受到保护的海域面积还远远不到这个数字。 如研究人员所言,如果再没有有效措施能扭转这一趋势,这一群白海豚将会消失[10]。 (编辑:Ent) 参考文献番禺文史资料 Pine M K, Wang K, Wang D. Fine-scale habitat use in Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins, Sousa chinensis, may be more influenced by fish rather than vessels in the Pearl River Estuary, China[J]. Marine Mammal Science, 2017, 33(1). Jefferson, T. A., Karczmarski, L. Sousa chinensis. Mammalian Species, 2001, 655:9 Jefferson, T. A., Curry, B. E. Chapter One-Humpback Dolphins: A Brief Introduction to the Genus Sousa. Advances in Marine Biology, 2015, 72:1-16 Chen, B., Xu, X., Jefferson, T. A., Olson, P. A., Qin, Q., Zhang, H., He, L., Yang, G. Conservation Status of the Indo-Pacific Humpback Dolphin (Sousa chinensis) in the Northern Beibu Gulf, China. Advances in Marine Biology, 2015 Xu, X., Song, J., Zhang, Z., Li, P., Yang, G., Zhou, K. The world's second largest population of humpback dolphins in the waters of Zhanjiang deserves the highest conservation priority. Scientific reports, 2015, 5 Huang, S.-L., Karczmarski, L., Chen, J., Zhou, R., Lin, W., Zhang, H., Li, H., Wu, Y. Demography and population trends of the largest population of Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins. Biological Conservation, 2012, 147(1):234-242 Wang, X., Miao, X., Wu, F., Yan, C., Liu, W., Zhu, Q. Investigation on the distribution of Sousa chinensis in the coastal waters between Xiamen and the Pearl River Estuary. Journal of Oceanography in Taiwan Strait, 2012, 31(2):225-230 蓝辉龙. 珠海规划安排 10 个重点围填海项目.南方网, 2014. Karczmarski L, Huang S L, Chan S C Y. Threshold of long-term survival of a coastal delphinid in anthropogenically degraded environment: Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins in Pearl River Delta[J]. Scientific Reports, 2017, 7:42900. 果壳网 ID:Guokr42 不正经的内容太多 已经不知道自己是不是一个科普号了 (责任编辑:本港台直播) |